Gynaecomastia (Male Breasts)

Gynaecomastia is a medical condition characterised by the enlargement of breast tissue in males. This condition can affect one or both breasts, sometimes unevenly.

Gynaecomastia is a common condition that can occur at any age and is often a source of emotional distress and self-consciousness. For many men, it can impact their confidence and overall quality of life.

Gynaecomastia is typically benign but can sometimes be a sign of underlying health issues that may require attention.

Overview of Gynaecomastia

Gynaecomastia results from an imbalance between the hormones oestrogen and testosterone.

While testosterone typically inhibits breast tissue growth in men, oestrogen promotes it. When the balance shifts, either due to an increase in oestrogen or a decrease in testosterone, breast tissue can grow.

The primary symptom of gynaecomastia is the enlargement of the breast gland tissue. Other symptoms may include:

  • Swollen breast tissue
  • Tenderness or sensitivity in the breast area
  • Firm or rubbery feel of the breast glandular tissue

 

Gynaecomastia is different from pseudogynaecomastia, a condition where fat accumulates in the chest area, mimicking the appearance of gynaecomastia but without actual glandular tissue growth.

Several factors can contribute to the development of gynaecomastia, including:

  • Hormonal Imbalances: Natural hormonal changes during infancy, puberty, and ageing can cause gynaecomastia. In newborns, it is due to the mother’s oestrogen; in teenagers, it results from hormonal fluctuations; and in older men, it is due to decreased testosterone levels.
  • Medications: Certain medications can lead to gynaecomastia as a side effect. These include anabolic steroids, anti-androgens, some antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, antibiotics, and heart medications.
  • Health Conditions: Various health issues can contribute to gynaecomastia, such as liver disease, kidney failure, thyroid disorders, and tumours that affect hormone levels.
  • Substance Use: The use of substances such as alcohol, marijuana, heroin, and amphetamines can also lead to the development of gynaecomastia.
  • Obesity: Excessive fat can increase oestrogen levels, leading to the development of breast tissue.
Treatment for gynaecomastia focuses on addressing the underlying cause, if identified, and reducing the size of the breast tissue to restore a more typical male chest contour. The primary treatment options include medication, lifestyle changes, and surgery.

Non-Surgical Treatments

  1. Medications: If gynaecomastia is caused by hormonal imbalances or specific medications, adjusting or discontinuing the offending medication can help. Hormone therapy may also be prescribed to address the imbalance.
  2. Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can help reduce fat and improve overall hormone balance. Avoiding substances known to cause gynaecomastia, such as alcohol and recreational drugs, is also recommended.

Surgical Treatments

For many men, especially those with persistent gynaecomastia that does not respond to non-surgical treatments, surgery may be the most effective option. Surgical treatments include:

  1. Liposuction:
    • Procedure: This technique is used to remove excess fat from the breast area. It is effective for patients with pseudogynaecomastia or those with a combination of fat and glandular tissue. Small incisions are made, and a cannula is inserted to suction out the fat.
    • Recovery: Recovery time is usually short, with most patients returning to normal activities within a week.
  2. Mastectomy:
    • Procedure: This technique involves the surgical removal of glandular breast tissue. It is typically performed through small incisions around the areola or in the natural creases of the chest. Sometimes, liposuction is combined with mastectomy to achieve the best results.
    • Recovery: Recovery time can vary, but most patients can resume normal activities within two weeks, with full recovery in about six weeks.

The Gynaecomastia Procedure in Australia

In Australia, gynaecomastia surgery is a well-regulated and commonly performed procedure by experienced plastic surgeons. The process typically begins with a comprehensive consultation to discuss the patient’s goals, medical history, and the most suitable treatment options.

During this consultation, the surgeon will explain the risks and benefits of each technique and set realistic expectations for the outcomes.

Patients are usually advised to:

  • Avoid certain medications, such as aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs, which can increase bleeding.
  • Stop smoking, as it can interfere with healing.
  • Arrange for someone to drive them home and assist them for the first 24 hours post-surgery.

Gynaecomastia surgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia and usually takes between one-to-two hours, depending on the complexity.

The surgeon will make the necessary incisions, remove excess tissue and fat, and sculpt the chest to a more masculine contour. The incisions are then closed with sutures, and dressings or bandages are applied to support the chest during the initial recovery.

  • Dressings and Bandages: After surgery, the chest will be wrapped in dressings and a compression garment to minimise swelling and support the new chest shape.
  • Pain Management: Patients may experience mild to moderate discomfort, which can be managed with prescribed pain medication.
  • Follow-Up Visits: Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor healing and ensure the best possible outcome.

Recovery from gynaecomastia surgery varies, but most patients can expect to return to normal activities within a week, although strenuous activities and heavy lifting should be avoided for at least four-to-six weeks.

Swelling and bruising typically subside within a few weeks, and the final results become more apparent as healing progresses.

The results of gynaecomastia surgery are generally long-lasting, providing a more contoured and masculine chest appearance. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent the recurrence of gynaecomastia.

Gynaecomastia surgery can have significant psychological benefits, enhancing self-esteem and confidence. Many men feel more comfortable and confident in their appearance, which can positively impact their social and professional interactions.

Conclusion

Gynaecomastia surgery is a safe and effective procedure for men seeking relief from the physical and emotional burden of enlarged breast tissue. In Australia, experienced plastic surgeons perform this procedure with great success, helping patients achieve a more masculine and proportionate chest contour.

Whether addressing hormonal imbalances, medication side effects, or lifestyle factors, gynaecomastia surgery can provide transformative results.

For more information or to schedule a consultation, please contact our clinic. Dr Atul Ingle has significant experience performing gynaecomastia surgery and is dedicated to helping you achieve your aesthetic goals and enhancing your overall quality of life.

Dr Atul Ingle is a Specialist Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon based in Townsville.

He has 20+ years of experience in plastic and reconstructive surgery and holds two Master of Surgery Degrees. He is the Head of the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department at Townsville University Hospital.

If you have a question about a condition or treatment, or would like to book an appointment, please contact us and one of our friendly staff members will happily assist you.